The most mass media used in Morocco

Tv, Radio,Newspaper, and Magazin

   

 The most mass media used in Morocco

Written by Amamad

Here the focuse is on some of the popular types of mass media. First,  we will attempt to provide an overview by defining and describing some of the most mass media that are used in the present. Mass media is an effective tool for the purpose of  transferring information, express and affirm attitudes of people in different topics such as politic and public affairs.  Mass media particularly news media, is formally anouncing a number of issues to call the attention of audiences.
In the same manner, Mass media  is of value to present some of the popular types of mass media like print media, in which it comprised of newspaper, community news letters, magazines and books. Radio and telephone as the common used mass media,  are systems of communication for transmission information that carry signals from one place to another. Both of them  are form of telecommunication  and still used in the meantime without consideration for the new technologies such as social media networks (facebook, whatSapp, and YouTube). Not counting that, these forms of mass communication including newspapers, magazines and books are  considered as traditional media before the advent of digital media.

Print media and Radio
As for Print media, the term is generally viewed as one of the means of mass communication, and the oldest tool used to physically print newspaper and magazines. Indeed,  printing is another means of mass communication produces texts that was discovered in China at the beginning of the 12th century.
The movable type system was the first one invented by Bi Sheng out of porcelain in China. (See "Great Chinese Inventions". Minnesota-china.com. Archived from the original on December 3, 2010. Retrieved July 29, 2010.
Later on the movable type, it was expanded to Korea during the Goryeo dynasty. According to an article about the process of reproducing text and images for the handwriting method pointed that” Around 1230, Koreans invented a metal type movable printing using bronze. The Jikji, published in 1377, is the earliest known metal printed book. Type-casting was used, adapted from the method of casting coins. The character was cut in beech wood, which was then pressed into soft clay to form a mould, and bronze poured into the mould, and finally the type was polished. (Tsien, Tsuen-Hsuin (1985).
Additionally, the movable type was spread all over Europe, according to a study by Briggs, Asa and Burke, Peter in 2002. “The Korean form of metal movable type was described by the French scholar Henri-Jean Martin as "extremely similar to Gutenberg's".Eastern metal movable type was spread to Europe between the late 14th century and the early 15th century” (Briggs, Asa and Burke, Peter (2002)
After that time, the print media turned to be more effective after the invention of the printing press.
 However, this is a short history concerning the invention and creation of print media that later on, spread to all over the world and developed to better ways.
Taking into consideration the country of Morocco, after independence the country fall heir to press created by French journalist traditions. Moroccan press has carried on these traditions and  currently, they publish regular stream of news to the readers. The print media in Morocco was possessed by political parties that the opposite parties used most of the time as a tool to attempt to stir public opinion and feeling against the system of government. Moreover, the first newspaper in Morocco was English weekly called “Maghreb Al Aksa” in.1877 and the publications in the country begun in 1908. Indeed, there was only one previous newspaper, namely El Eco de Tetuán 1860 in Spanish that was created by the Spanish writer and journalist, Pedro Antonio de Alarcón.
In 2005, there were twenty political parties and six private newspapers, some of them were in Arabic while others in French. The biggest newspaper was Al Massae with a distribution of 120,000 copies. Essabah occupied the second rank with a distribution of 60,000 copies. Al-Ahdath Al-Maghribiya and Le Matin du Sahara were in the third and fourth rank with a distribution of 30.000 copies.
The most Moroccan Magazines published in French, Arabic and English; intend to help readers stay informed by a number of facts. One of the first women’s magazines concerning topics such as,  Women's Health - Fitness, Nutrition, and Sex were published in the 1980. In whatever manner, the main objective of a magazine is to provide advertisers with an opportunity to share products with its readers. Magazines are becoming very important for a large number of readers as a source of entertainment either it is about politics, news, or celebrity gossip. Some of the Moroccan magazines are TelQuel, Moroccan world news, MBC times, Le journal Hebdomadaire, Nejma, L’expresion, Kalima, and Femme de Maroc.
However, after we have discussed one of the most used types of Mass media in Morocco, it would be of special interest to discuss  radio and television.
The new technologies facilitate people to access to a great number of information. National and international news can be read in newspaper and listened to radio.  Radio plays an important role in our daily life, in that, it uses waves to carry information through spaces.
As have been noted before in the previous section, the new radio station was founded by the French colonial in the early twentieth century, it begun broadcast in 1928 from the city of Rabat and restricted to music and entertainment.  Based on the past events, radio and television was named Al- Idaa Watafaza Al- Maghribia (the names refer to Moroccan radio and television, RTM) by the Moroccan government in March 1962. A certain study, about The Internet and Politics in Morocco: The Political Use of the Internet by Islam Oriented Political Movements by Ibahrine, M. (2007), stated that “91.1 % of the urban population and 75.2 % of the rural population listened to radio on a regular basis (Ibahrine, M. (2007)
When television appeared,  radio affected because of the invention of this new technology. As a result the number of radio listeners decreased in 1990s.
Medi 1 came to be the first radio station in Morocco, possessed by private enterprises and banks launched in 1980s. The Medi1 radio is using French and English languages in international news. Then, a Casablanca radio was released on the air in 1987s broadcasting only music content. Radio SAWA also launched, in 2003s in Morocco aimed to broadcast services particularly U.S international services.
There are other radio station that  used in Morocco such as Hit radio, radio Aswat, Chada FM, Radio 2M, SNRT Arabic, Radio Atlantic and Medina FM radio. Etc……
 Television and internet
As we have discussed before radio broadcasting, it is very important to discuss Television as the most used mass media in Morocco.  It is seen as another telecommunication medium that is used for sending and delivering images and sounds to run products. The television stations include local, regional and national in which broadcast movies, news, advertising etc…. The purpose of television is to educate, rather than simply to entertain. Educational television programs can provide people with fresh information and necessary to be open and keep up to date with the current issues around the world.
In the country of morocco, TELMA was the first private television channel that began broadcasting in 1952s. It stopped broadcasting in May 1955 due to the lack of financial issue. However, it commence in 1962s. In 1972s, the Moroccan television reached 33% of the national territory in the country but according to Ben Ashour. A. (1992, the cost was expensive because it was broadcasted in color. During this year, a very small number of people were watching television. (Ben Ashour. A. (1992)
 
In the light of reported by the ministry of communicationin a repprt in 2006s, it is published that all the Moroccan people now own a television tool.
A recent study which revolves around “Arab media outlook”, concluded that “Terrestrial television viewing was estimated at 20% of total television households in 2011. IPTV is offered by Maroc Telecom. Digital terrestrial television is gradually spreading, with 41 national and foreign channels. The national broadcaster SNRT aims to complete digital switchover by 2015.^”
 Arab Media Outlook 2011-2015" (PDF). 2012. pp. 149–151.
The country has nine free television stations, and seven of them are possessed by the government. 2M TV is considered the first private channel in 1989 and transformed into public channel since the government owns 70% of its capital. The new and free nine Moroccan channels are Al Aoula, 2M TV, Arryadia, Arrabia, Al Maghribia, Assadissa. The other free channels are Aflam TV (TNT Only), Tamazight, Medi 1 TV and Laayoune TV.
(See this article for more reading: "Arab Media Outlook 2011-2015" (PDF). 2012. pp. 149–151.)
Moreover, according to a report by Faiçal Faquihi, who concluded that “Al Aoula, and 2M TV had a share in audiences in March 2010 of 40.3 27.3 for 2M and 13.0 for Al Aoula.” 
Finally, the last mass media type is internet. The interconnected network is a regarded as global system connection of all computers. It came into existence in Morocco when the national internet network created in the school of Mohammedia of Engineers in Rabat in 1993s. Coming next, the process of connecting to internet had begun having access in November 1995 as scholars and learners were the first to use it. Since that time, the statistic of “Agence National de Réglementation des Télécommunications (ANRT)” reported on the total number of internet users worldwide from 2005 to 2010 as it reached 60%, then the number raised in that they agreed on the use of internet connection (1.2 million and 4.51 % of the Moroccan internet users). Besides that, statistics show that the majority of internet users use the third generation of wireless mobile telecommunication (they are around 54%)
See the book for more reading “Tableau de bord trimestriel du marché Internet December 2009. 25 February 2010.
Agence National de Réglementation des Télécommunications (ANRT). Tableau de bord trimestriel du marché Internet Mars 2010. 4 May 2010. Retrieved June 2, 2010 from http://www.anrt.ma/fr/admin/download/upload/file_fr1874.pdf  
Since 2009, Moroccan people have got involved in the use of internet. According to a survey about “The use of the Internet in Morocco: measuring the second level digital divide” which stated that “80% use the Internet daily; 20% described ‘average’ or ‘rare’ usage”. Also the study draw to a close that “People aged 40 years and older, those with a low education, unskilled workers, and residents of poor neighborhoods are less likely to use the Internet on a frequent basis”. As reported by this survey, there were 72% of Moroccan internet users declared that the state the principle barriers to the use of the Internet is privacy affaires and that 29% of them use internet for shopping.
In the meantime, the government of Morocco owns different mass media like printing press (newspapers and magazines),  radio and television. Generally, every house had at least one type of mass media, whether it is radio, television, newspapers or magazines. People use mass media for their personal interests transmitting idea, information and news.